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Ten of the Strangest Facts about Bacteria
· 23.07.2023 · 16:07:47 ··· Sonntag ⭐ 0 🎬 3
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Ten of the Strangest Facts about Bacteria
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How often do you really think about bacteria? The microscopic organisms make up the vast majority of life on Earth, and there are some scientists who reckon that their potential is eye-watering. Our tiny, single-celled companions boast a vast array of properties and uses—pooping out gold, for example, or brewing their own alcohol. The microbial world is a surreal and fascinating one, of which there can be no doubt. Here are ten of the oddest scientific discoveries and experiments involving the bite-sized bugs. Related: 10 Deadly Viruses And Bacteria Created In Labs 10 The Microbe That Poops out Gold Meet the Bacteria That Produces Pure Gold Cupriavidus metallidurans is a pretty bizarre organism. The tiny bacterium gobbles up metal compounds and essentially poops out nuggets of gold.
This unusual property all stems from how C. metallidurans interacts with its environment. The soils in which it lives are full of toxic minerals like copper and gold. Both metals are harmful in large quantities, but copper is essential for the microbe to survive. So the bacterium takes in minerals from the soil and converts them into a less dangerous form.
If too much gold is present, C. metallidurans uses an enzyme known as CopA to avoid absorbing any toxic compounds. “This assures that fewer copper and gold compounds enter the cellular interior,” explained author Professor Dietrich H. Nies.
“The bacterium is poisoned less, and the enzyme that pumps out the copper can dispose of the excess copper unimpeded. Another consequence: the gold compounds that are difficult to absorb transform in the outer area of the cell into harmless gold nuggets only a few nanometres in size.” [1] 9 100 Million-Year-Old Bacteria Dug Up from Ocean Floor These 100-Million-Year-Old Microbes Are Still Alive! In July 2020, scientists announced that they successfully retrieved bacteria from the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean thought to be over 100 million years old. These microbes are believed to be the oldest known organisms on Earth.
The record-breaking microbes include ten major groups of bacteria lying dormant over 200 feet (70 meters) beneath the seafloor. International research vessel JOIDES Resolution excavated samples of clay from under the ocean bed in which the bacteria were discovered.
After millions of years starved of nutrients, scientists were amazed to find that 99% of the microbes survived. The researchers incubated the organisms in a laboratory for 557 days, providing nourishment in carbon and nitrogen sources like ammonia, acetates, and amino acids. [2] 8 Spiteful Treatment Towards Lazy Colony Members How Do Colonies Help Microorganisms Survive? Odd as it may seem, evidence suggests that bacteria behave spitefully when their peers refuse to pull their weight. Jilted microbes have been known to deliberately harm themselves to get back at idle colony members.
As explained in a 2022 report in PLOS Computational Biology, colonies of bacteria survive by producing vital chemicals, like enzymes which break down foods into nutrients. How much they make is decided by a behavior pattern known as quorum-sensing. When microbes sense that they are surrounded by many of their peers, they produce fewer enzymes. But some freeloading bugs refuse to make any at all and, instead, try to feast on the work of others.
In this scenario, the scientists were surprised to learn that the other bacteria would also lower their chemical output. The result of all this is none of the microbes have enough to eat, and the entire colony can end up dying out. As the researchers put it, the microbes essentially commit “evolutionary suicide” to rid themselves of their idle peers.
“We didn’t expect to see this behavior, which you might even call ‘spiteful,’” explained Dr Andrew Eckford, one of the study’s key authors. “But it indicates that quorum sensing is a remarkably flexible tool for enforcing fairness.” [3] 7 2,000 Generations of Bacteria Shed Light on Scientific Quandary The Longest-Running Evolution Experiment...
· 23.07.2023 · 16:07:47 ··· Sonntag
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