Tracing Changes Through a thousand years | Cls- 7th | Ch-01| Part 02 | history NCERT|@DakshMani1423
· 28.06.2023 · 13:58:28 ··· ··· Wednesday ·· 3 (3)
Daksh Mani Tracing Changes Through a thousand years | Cls- 7th | Ch-01| Part 02 | history NCERT|@DakshMani1423
Historical records exist in a variety of languages.
The term Hindustan was coined by Minhaj-i-Siraj, a chronicler who wrote in Persian for areas around Punjab, Haryana,
and the lands between the Ganga and the Yamuna.
Babur used Hindustan to describe the flora and fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.
Fourteenth-century poet Amir Khusrau used the word, Hind.
In Hindi, the term ‘pardesi’ was used to describe an alien. In Persian, it was called ‘ajnabi’.
Historians and their Sources
The information about the medieval period is derived from two sources: Archaeological and Literary.
Archaeological sources available to us include monuments, temples, coins, tombs, ornaments and paintings.
Since paper became available in good quantum, a lot of written accounts in the form of chronicles, autobiographies,
farmaans and accounts of foreign travellers are available from this period in Persian and Arabic.New Social and Political Group
The study of the thousand years between 700 and 1750 is a huge challenge to historian largely because of the scale and variety of developments that occurred over the period.
It was a period of great mobility. One such group of people was Rajputs. Other groups of warriors were Marathas, Sikhs, Jats, Ahoms and Kayasthas.
Throughout the period there was a gradual clearing of forests and the extension of agriculture. Challenges in their habitat forced many forest-dwellers to migrate.
As society became more differentiated people were grouped into jatis or sub-castes and ranked on the basis of their backgrounds and their occupations.
Ranks were not fixed permanently and varied according to the power, influence and resources controlled by the members of the jati.
A major development of this period was the emergence of the idea of bhakti.
The teachings of the Holy Quran was also brought to India in the seventh century.
Followers of Islam were divided into two sub-sects—’Shias’ and ‘Sunnis’.
At different moments in this period, new technologies made their appearance, like Persian wheel in irrigation, the spinning wheel in weaving and firearms in combat. New foods and beverages also arrived in the subcontinent in this period.Religion was often closely associated with the social and economic organization of local communities.
It was during the period that important changes occurred in religion. It included the worship of new deities, construction of temples by royalty and the growing importance of Brahmanas in the Hindu religion.
Knowledge of Sanskrit helped Brahmins to earn respect.
Islam was patronized by many rulers.
Historical Periods
The British historians divided the history of India into three periods: Hindu, Muslim and British.
Most historians look to economic and social factors to characterize the major elements of different moments of the past.
The life of hunter-gatherers, early farmers and early empires were called early societies.
The growth of imperial state formations, development of Hinduism and Islam as major religions and the arrival of
European trading companies were called the medieval period.
The last era was called the modem period which carried a sense of material progress and intellectual development.
Prosperity during this period brought European trading companies to India.
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