Vithal Panday, M.D.

16.07.2024 · 22:12:54 ···
01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ···
25.07.2023 · 22:54:24 ··· 5 ··· ··· 17 ···
16.07.2024 · 22:12:54 ···
01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ···
25.07.2023 · 22:54:24 ··· 5 ··· ··· 17 ···

1:: Mastering ECG Interpretation

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 01.12.2022 · 20:45:51 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· Heart rate Normal - 60 to 100 Tachycardic more than 100 Bradycardia less than 60 An ECG can either have a regular or an irregular heart rhythm. Let's first look at this ECG with a regular heart rhythm. We can calculate the heart rate either by : 1. counting the number of large squares present within one R-R interval 2. divide 300 by the number of large squares In the second ECG, our patient has an irregular heart rhythm. We can calculate our heart rate by 1.counting the number of complexes on the rhythm strip 2.multiply the number of complexes by 6 When we escribe irregular heart rhythms, they can either be regularly irregular or irregularly irregular Cardiac Axis 1. describes overall direction of the electrical spread within the heart In pic 1 , lead 2 has the most positive deflection compared to leads 1 and 3 In pic 2, lead 3 has the most positive deflection and lead 1 should also be negative. Right axis deviation is associated wi h right ventricular hypertrophy. In pic 3, lead 1 has the most positive deflection and leads 2 and 3 are negative. Left axis deviation is associated with heart conduction abnormalities. P waves 1. is it present? 2. is the p wave followed by a qrs complex? 3. check duration, direction and shape 4. if absent, is there any atrial activity. Quick tip, absent p waves and an irregular rhythm may suggest atrial fibrillation. PR interval PR interval should be between 3 to 5 small squares. A prolonged or interval suggests the presence of an AV block. 1. first degree heart block - fixed prolonged pr interval 2. second degree heart block - aka mobitz type 1 AV block - typical findings include progressive prolongation of pr interval until the atrial impulse is not conducted and the qrs complex is dropped. AV conduction continues with the next beat and the sequence eventually repeats itself 3. type 2- aka mobitz type 2 AV block - typical findings include a consistent PR interval duration with intermittently dropped QRS complexes due to failure of conduction. The intermittent dropping of the qrs complexes typically follows a repeating cycle of every 3rd or 4th P wave. 4. third degree heart block. No electrical communication between the atria and ventricles due to complete failure of conduction. Findings include the presence of p waves and qrs complexes that have NO association with each other due to the atria and ventricles functioning independently. Cardiac function is maintained by a junction Al or ventricular pacemaker. Shortened PR interval Could mean 1 of two things 1. p wave is originating from somewhere closer to the AV node so the conduction takes less time. 2. the atrial impulse is getting to the ventricle by a faster shortcut instead of conducting slowly across the atrial wall. This is an accessory pathway and can be associated with a delta wave. QRS complex - Width - narrow or broad - Height - small or tall - Morphology - look at the individual waves of the QRS complex Delta wave - sign that ventricles are activated earlier tha normal from a point distant to the AV node. Slurred up stroke of the QRS complex. Remember the presence of a delta wave does NOT diagnose WPWS. This requires evidence of tachuarrythmias AND a delta wave. Q wave - isolated Q can be normal. Pathological Q wave is more than 25 % the size of the R wave which follows Or more than 2 mm in height AND more than 40 ms in width R AND S waves - look at leads V1-6. Assess progression. Poor progression can be a sign of a previous MI but can also occur in very large people due to poor lead position. St segment In healthy individuals, the line should neither be elevated nor depressed. T wave -Tall - hyperkalemia and hyperacute STEMI -Inverted - ischaemia, bundle branch blocks,PE, LVH, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Biphasic - 2 peaks, indicative of ischaemia and hypokalemia -Flattened - ischaemia or electrolyte imbalance U wave Not common finding, can indicate electrolyte imbalance, hypothermia and secondary to antiarrhythmic therapy

2:: MEN have a HIGHER RISK for Cancer

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 17.08.2022 · 11:13:53 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· As men, we are more at risk of getting most types of cancer compared to females. This is primarily due to a genetic reason. Surprisingly, your behavioral and lifestyle factors are not the main reason for example smoking, alcohol use, BMI, height, physical activity levels, diet, medication and medical history. The biological differences between males and females account for this imbalance. Apart from genetics and lifestyle factors, the differences in hormones like estrogen and testosterone, as well as, differences in immune system activity play a significant role. In a couple seconds we will answer the question, why are men more at risk compared to females? The only types of cancer more common in females compared to males would be gallbladder and thyroid cancer. The greater disparity was for esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is 10 times more common in males. Males are more likely to get bladder, gastric cardia and laryngeal cancer. The protective advantage of the X chromosome Women may have a protective advantage. One mechanism by which females have an immune advantage is that estrogen may influence immune signaling pathways. Other advantages, include the fact that the X chromosome contains several tumor suppressor genes. Females have two X chromosomes in comparison a single X in a male. Which means females may have higher expression levels. In general, be vigilant for signs of cancer, maintain a healthy lifestyle and follow cancer screening guidelines. Reference: Medical News Today

3:: NEW Life Changing Asthma Treatment

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 14.08.2022 · 20:18:35 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· Asthma affects people of all ages. It often starts in childhood but It can develop at any age. The good news is that New research has now found a way to treat asthma in the long term and return aiwarys to a near healthy state. Asthma is a chronic lung condition that causes inflammation of your Airways, resulting in wheezing, breathlessness, coughing and a tight chest. By blocking a protein involved in making airways less flexible, researchers almost completely eliminated asthmatic symptoms within 2 weeks in mice. Treatment Symptoms vary over over time. Allergens such as pollen, house dust mites or pet dander can worsen symptoms. The main symptoms are wheezing, breathlessness, a tight chest and coughing. Individuals can get an asthma attack, whicrtr symptoms worsen acutely. The muscles around the airways tighten and the Airways swell, making breathing very difficult. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are used to treat asthma. Bronchodilators are your blue puffers, in other words salbutamol, specifically treats wheezing. Corticosteroids are your brown/orange puffers, in other words, suppresses the inflammation in the airways. These treatments work best for short term relief but not for those who have a severe disease. Root cause: pericytes Pericytes are a type of stem cell found in the lining of blood vessels. They are key to understanding the underlying causes of asthma. Structural changes occur in chronic allergic asthma know as airway remodelling. Research shows that during an asthmatic episode, pericytes moved to the airway walls. Pericytes are a type of stem cell, that have the ability to change into different tissues. Once in the airway, pericytes can develop into other types of cells, like muscles cells which make the airway less flexible. Movement of pericytes is activated by a protein called CXCL12. LIT-927 blocked CXCL12 from working, essentially meaning that the pericytes no longer moved to the airways. Hence, LIT-927 helped reduce asthma symptoms and almost completely dissappeared within two weeks. This novel drug would be ideally delivered in a combined formulation puffer with a long acting bronchi dilatory and a corticosteroid to suppress inflammation. This would allow for the inflammatory and structural aspects of allergic asthma to be more effectively treated and therefore lead to an improved quality of life. Reference: Medical News Today

4:: Polio is BACK | UGLY Truth About Polio

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 14.08.2022 · 19:20:46 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· Polio has reemerged once again. It all started back in 1952 in the United States, with 20000 polio cases. The trivalent inactivated polio virus vaccine (IPV) helped eradicate this disease. As of today, the Poliomyelitis (polio) is present In America and London. Polio is a viral infection that causes paralysis, respiratory issues and could be fatal. 1st cadr Symptoms Should we be concerned Treatment and preventoon 1st case in the U. S IN almost a decade The current case was contracted from an individual who had received the oral polio vaccine which is a live version of the polio vaccine that is no longer administered in the United States. Researchers have now found waste water samples which have tested positive for the polio virus - there is a genetic link to the Rockland County resident who was diagnosed with polio. Essentially, polio is transmitted through contaminated food or water (fecal oral transmission) Symptoms [ ] Non paralytic polio - fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, back pain, neck pain, arm/leg pain, muscle weakness [ ] Paralytic syndrome - loss of reflexes, severe muscle aches, flaccid paralysis (loose and floppy limbs) [ ] Post polio syndrome - progressive muscle or joint weakness, fatigue, muscle atrophy, breathing or swallowing problems, sleep related disorders (sleep apnea) and decresead tolerance to cold temperatures. Should we be concerned? Polio is only a potential threat to individuals who have not been fully vaccinated against it. According to the CDC, two doses of IPV offer 90% immunity to all three types of the polio virus, while 3 doses give a person 99% protection. However, about one person per million who received the live attenuated polio virus vaccine in US developed acute polio paralysis, which was termed vaccine associated polio. The individuals most at risk of this are those with immune deficiencies or adults who had not been immunjzed and the changed the diapers of young family members who had recirved the oral vaccine in the prior month or two (hence the fecal oral route of transmission similar to hepatitis A) Treatment Treatment addresses the signs and symptoms of polio for example fever or paralysis (physical therapy). Currently there are no FDA approved antivirals against polio. Heated hot packs can be used to ease muscle spams. Exercises training full range of motion can help minimise contracture and deformity and rehabilitation techniques can help a person to regain as much function as possible. Prevention Vaccination is key, this will help mitigate the polio risk and the subsequent impact on the environment. Follow travel related instructions regarding diarrheal diseases in foreign countries. Reference: Medical News Today

5:: Diabetes Mellitus Management | UGLY Truth

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 09.08.2022 · 21:15:33 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· There are three tests that can measure your blood glucose level: fasting glucose test, random glucose test and A1c test. Fasting plasma glucose test: This test is best done in the morning after an eight hour fast (nothing to eat or drink except sips of water). Random plasma glucose test: This test can be done any time without the need to fast. A1c test: This test, also called HbA1C or glycated hemoglobin test, provides your average blood glucose level over the past two to three months. This test measures the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin, the protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen. You don’t need to fast before this test. Oral glucose tolerance test: In this test, blood glucose level is first measured after an overnight fast. Then you drink a sugary drink. Your blood glucose level is then checked at hours one, two and three. Gestational diabetes tests: There are two blood glucose tests if you are pregnant. With a glucose challenge test, you drink a sugary liquid and your glucose level is checked one hour later. You don’t need to fast before this test. If this test shows a higher than normal level of glucose (over 140 ml/dL), an oral glucose tolerance test will follow (as described above). Diabetes affects your whole body. To best manage diabetes, you’ll need to take steps to keep your risk factors under control and within the normal range, including: Keep your blood glucose levels as near to normal as possible by following a diet plan, taking prescribed medication and increasing your activity level.Maintain your blood cholesterol (HDL and LDL levels) and triglyceride levels as near the normal ranges as possible.Control your blood pressure. Your blood pressure should not be over 140/90 mmHg. In general, though, most people try to keep their blood glucose levels at these targets: Before a meal: between 80 and 130 mg/dL.About two hours after the start of a meal: less than 180 mg/dL. Type 1 diabetes: If you have this type, you must take insulin every day. Your pancreas no longer makes insulin.Type 2 diabetes: If you have this type, your treatments can include medications (both for diabetes and for conditions that are risk factors for diabetes), insulin and lifestyle changes such as losing weight, making healthy food choices and being more physically active.Prediabetes: If you have prediabetes, the goal is to keep you from progressing to diabetes. Treatments are focused on treatable risk factors, such as losing weight by eating a healthy diet (like the Mediterranean diet) and exercising (at least five days a week for 30 minutes). Many of the strategies used to prevent diabetes are the same as those recommended to treat diabetes (see prevention section of this article).Gestational diabetes: If you have this type and your glucose level is not too high, your initial treatment might be modifying your diet and getting regular exercise. If the target goal is still not met or your glucose level is very high, your healthcare team may start medication or insulin. (Nesina®), sitagliptin (Januvia®), saxagliptin (Onglyza®) and linagliptin (Tradjenta®).SGLT2 inhibitors (also called sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors): These drugs work on your kidneys to remove glucose in your body through your urine. Examples include canagliflozin (Invokana®), dapagliflozin (Farxiga®) and empagliflozin (Jardiance®).Bile acid sequestrants: These drugs lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Examples include colestipol (Colestid®), cholestyramine (Questran®) and colesevelam (Welchol®).Dopamine agonist: This medication lowers the amount of glucose released by the liver. An example is bromocriptine (Cyclocet®). Rapid-acting insulins: These insulins are taken 15 minutes before meals, they peak (when it best lowers blood glucose) at one hour and work for another two to four hours. Examples include insulin glulisine (Apidra®), insulin lispro (Humalog®) and insulin aspart (NovoLog®).Short-acting insulins: These insulins take about 30 minutes to reach your bloodstream, reach their peak effects in two to three hours and last for three to six hours. An example is insulin regular (Humulin R®).Intermediate-acting insulins: These insulins reach your bloodstream in two to four hours, peak in four to 12 hours and work for up to 18 hours. An example in NPH.Long-acting insulins: These insulins work to keep your blood sugar stable all day. Usually, these insulins last for about 18 hours. Examples include insulin glargine (Basaglar®, Lantus®, Toujeo®), insulin detemir (Levemir®) and insulin degludec (Tresiba®). Reference: Medical News Today

6:: Diabetes Mellitus | ALARMING Complications + Presentation

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 06.08.2022 · 19:23:02 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· Diabetes affects 34.2 million people of all ages. About 10% of individuals have diabetes in the US. From these stats, 7.3 million adults aged 18 and over are unaware that they have diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes increases with age. Unawareness, makes you more susceptible to deal with complications such as amputation, heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure and much more. Its time to get ahead of the curve and take control of your health. So today we will discuss 1. Overview 2. Why does your blood glucose level spije 3. Types 4. Risk factors 5. Causes 6. Symptoms 7. Complications Diabetes happens when your body isn't able to take up sugar (glucose) into its cells and use it for energy. This results in a build up of extra sugar in your bloodstream. Insulin is a hormone made by your pancreas, an organ located behind your stomach. Your pancreas releases insulin into your bloodstream. Insulin acts as the “key” that unlocks the cell wall “door,” which allows glucose to enter your body’s cells. Glucose provides the “fuel” or energy tissues and organs need to properly function. The types of diabetes are: Type 1 diabetes: This type is an autoimmune disease, meaning your body attacks itself. In this case, the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas are destroyed. Up to 10% of people who have diabetes have Type 1. It’s usually diagnosed in children and young adults (but can develop at any age). People with Type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day. This is why it is also called insulin-dependent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes: With this type, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or your body’s cells don’t respond normally to the insulin. This is the most common type of diabetes. Up to 95% of people with diabetes have Type 2. It usually occurs in middle-aged and older people. Other common names for Type 2 include adult-onset diabetes and insulin-resistant diabetes. Prediabetes: This type is the stage before Type 2 diabetes. Your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be officially diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes: This type develops in some women during their pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after pregnancy. However, if you have gestational diabetes you're at higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later on in life. Risk factors for Type 1 diabetes include: Having a family history (parent or sibling) of Type 1 diabetes. Injury to the pancreas (such as by infection, tumor, surgery or accident) Presence of autoantibodies (antibodies that mistakenly attack your own body’s tissues or organs).Physical stress (such as surgery or illness).Exposure to illnesses caused by viruses. Risk factors for prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes include: Family history (parent or sibling) of prediabetes or Type 2 Being overweight. Having high blood pressure. Having low HDL cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol) and high triglyceride level. Being physically inactive. Being age 45 or older. Having gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds. Having polycystic ovary syndrome. Having a history of heart disease or stroke.Being a smoker. Symptoms of diabetes include: Increased thirst. Weak, tired feeling. Blurred vision. Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet. Slow-healing sores or cuts. Unplanned weight loss. Frequent urination. Frequent unexplained infections. Dry mouth. Complications include: Cardiovascular issues including coronary artery disease, chest pain, heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries). Nerve damage (neuropathy) that causes numbing and tingling that starts at toes or fingers then spreads. Kidney damage (nephropathy) that can lead to kidney failure or the need for dialysis or transplant. Eye damage (retinopathy) that can lead to blindness; cataracts, glaucoma. Foot damage including nerve damage, poor blood flow and poor healing of cuts and sores. Skin infections. Erectile dysfunction. Hearing loss. Depression. Dementia. Dental problems. Reference: Medical News Today

7:: GSK-126 | Diabetic Treatment | RESTORES Insulin Producing cells #shorts #shortvideo #trending

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 02.08.2022 · 21:29:41 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· 👇Watch Full Video👇 https://youtu.be/9ZzjYxzToyg

8:: GSK-126 | Diabetic Treatment | RESTORES Insulin Producing Cells

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 02.08.2022 · 18:36:44 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· If you've been relying on using daily insulin injections, there is a possible new treatment option for diabetes patients. A drug which was previously investigated for treating patients with lymphomas and multiple myeloma, has now been found to also be capable of reactivating the genes responsible for regulating insulin expression. This advancement has led to the ability to reprogram pancreatic stem cell-like cells into insulin producing beta cells for potential diabetes treatment. So today we will discuss 1. Background 2. Types of diabetes 3. Restoring insulin production(drug) 4. Further remarks 5. Limitations Background According to the WHO, there are 422 million people with diabetes globally and this figure will reach 700 million by 2045. In the United States, diabetes in the nations seventh leading cause of death Types 1. Type 1 (formerly known as insulin dependant or juvenile diabetes) - the body does not produce the hormone insulin or makes very little of it. This form is more common in children and young adults 2. Type 2 (formerly know as adult onset diabetes) - the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot properly use insulin. It is the most common form of diabetes (90-95% of all cases) and often begins later in life. Insulin producing beta cells typically make up 50-70% of pancreatic islets (group of cells in the pancreas). In both types of diabetes, there is a significant reduction in beta cells primarily due to autoimmune destruction. Individuals with type 1 diabetes and some with type 2 Diabetes must take insulin injections daily to survive. The alternative is whole pancreas or pancreatic islet transplantation which is limited by the shortage of organ donors and the associated side effects of immunosuppresants. Restoring insulin production A study which was conducted at in Melbourne, Australia found that the investigational drug GSK-126 can potentially restore insulin producing beta cells in type 1 diabetes patients by inhibiting pancreatic EZH2. The EZH2 enzyme inhibits genes responsible for the development of insulin producing beta cells. The researches hypothesised that blocking EZH2 activity may restore insulin production. The researchers found that stimulating the pancreatic cells with GSK-126 could restore the hallmark genes responsible for developing pancreatic progenitor cells (stem cell-like cells) intro insulin producing beta cells. GSK-126 also restored expression of the insulin gene in the cells taken from the type 1 diabetes donor despite absolute beta cell destruction. Further Remarks Professors in epigenetic have described this method of Restoring insulin production as rapid and cost effective. This potential diabetes treatment also has another advantage in that it is less vulnerable to the risks associated with organ or islet transplantation. Limitations This study only used a single type 1 diabetes fonorm additional studies are required to detemine if the approach is successful in a broader type 1 diabetes population. Autoimmune attacks on insulin producing beta cells can also present future challenges. We can expect this drug to be available in the market in approximately 7-10 years. Reference: Medical News Today

9:: Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine | FDA and CDC Approved

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 29.07.2022 · 21:57:07 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· Earlier this month, the FDA announced an emergency use authorization for Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. Research shoes Novavax to be 100% effective in preventing moderate to severe COVID-19. Novavax uses a traditional vaccine model used previously for influenza and shingles vaccines. The United States department of health and human services has secured 3.2 million doses of Novavax for distribution in the US. This vaccine requires two doses spaced between 3 to 8 weeks apart. So today we will discuss 1. How is this vaccine different 2. Efficacy 3. Side effects 4. Who should/should not get the vaccine How is this vaccine different If we look at previous vaccines like Pfizer and modern, they utilize MRNA technology instead of using weakened or dead viral cells to teach your body how to protect itself from the live disease, the MRNA vaccines provide instructions to the body on how to creaf a spike protein. Spike proteins are also found in sars cov 2 virus cells. The body recognises the spike protein as something foreign that it needs to defend itself from, which causes an immune response. This teaches the body how to react if ever infected by the sars cov 2 virus with the same spike proteins. The Novavax vaccine does not use MRNA technology. It is a protein based vaccine that contains stabilised forms of the spike proteins from sars cov 2, plus an adjuvant which is a substance included in a vaccine to cause the body to have an immune response. Novavax uses an adjuvant made from saponins that naturally occur in the bark of the Soapbark tree native to Chile. The protein is derived from the corona virus spike protein and is formulated with Novavax's patented saponin-based matrix M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralising antibodies. Efficacy According to New England Journal of medicine Novavax is 90.4% effective in preventing symptomatic covid 19. The vaccine is 100% effective in preventing moderate to severe covid 19. Side effects More Common after second dose and fewer than Pfizer and moderna Tenderness at the site of injection Pain upon and after vaccination Fatigue Muscle pain Headache Malaise Less common symptoms include a fever, nausea and vomiting, joint pain Who should get novavax? 1. Individuals with Any chronic conditions that increase the risk of severe COVID-19 such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes 2. People who have contracted COVID-19 in the past 3. People who are breast feeding and those who are not Do NOT get the vaccine 1. People with history of anaphylaxis to any component inside the vacvjne 2. People with symptomatic pcr confirmed COVID-19 until they have recovered and finished isolation 3. People with body temperature over 38.5 degree celcius until they no longer have a fever 4. People who are under 18, as research studying its safety and efficacy is still underway Reference: Medical News Today

10:: Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine #shorts #shortvideo #trending

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 29.07.2022 · 20:30:14 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· 👇Watch the Full Video👇 https://youtu.be/ChosVp_6IHs

11:: BA.4 / BA.5 | Over 4 Times More Resistant to Vaccines #shorts #shortvideo #trending

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 29.07.2022 · 09:09:35 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· 👇Watch the Full Video: 👇 https://youtu.be/CkJWWPtTZ-o

12:: BA.4 / BA.5 | Omicron | 4 Times More Resistant To mRNA Vaccines

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 28.07.2022 · 22:11:40 ··· ···
··· ··· ··· ··· BA. 4 and BA. 5 are currently the dominant strains of new covid causes, accounting for over 80% of cases in US. These two subvariants are over 4 times more resistant to antibodies in individuals who received messenger RNA vaccines. These subvariants likely evolved from the previously dominant BA. 2 Omicron Variant. Today we will discuss 1. Background 2. How omicron subvariants affect hospitalisation rates 3. Spike protein mutations 4. Variants of concern 5. Symptoms 6. How can you treat a mild infection Background BA. 4 and BA. 5 were initially found in South Africa in April 2022 and spread rapidly across the globe. These subvariants have a high transmission rate. They carry mutations on their spike protein, which is the part of the virus that attavhes to ACE2 receptors on human cells so they can enter them. Even though new research shows that immunity against the dominant omicron subvariants appears to be waning, we should note that MRNA vaccines continue to provide B and T cell based protection against severe outcomes from covid - hospitalisation and death. How omicron subvariants affect hospitalisation rates? Each country will have their own immune profiles again covid. This is due to vaccination rates, circulating strains and general risk profiles (age, public safety measures)) Portugal has a more significant effect from BA. 4 and BA. 5 even though they have a high vaccination rate. This is because they have an older population. BA. 4 and BA. 5 may lead to increased hospitalizations particularly amongst unvaccjnaged, the immunosuppressed and those of advanced age. Vaccination is important because although there is an increase in cases, there are fewer hospitalizations because of the impact of immunity. Spike protein mutations Both subvariants are similar to omicron BA. 2 which is currently dominant in the United Kingdom, continental Europe and the US. BA. 4 and BA. 5 have identical mutations on their spike protein which is the part of the virus that attavhes to receptors on humans cells. This differentiates these subvariants from BA. 2. Each Subvariant has its own mutation in other areas of the virus. Variants of concern BA. 4 and BA. 5 are variants of concern because they are more transmissible and are the cause of the recent spikes in positive cases. Let's not forget that these subvariants can easily evade our immune system. Vaccines don't prevent disease - vaccination prevents disease. The issue is whether or not everyone can be persuaded to be vaccinated, yet again. Symptoms The most commonly reported symptoms were a runny nose, headache, fatigue, sneezing and a sore throat. Other symptoms include a fever or chills, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, new loss of taste or smell, nausea or vomiting and diarrhea. Note that this list is not exhaustive and people might experience different symptoms or combinations of symptoms. How can you treat a mild infection? Reccomended treatment is directed at the symptoms: stay hydrated, rested and well nourished. Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve headaches, body aches or fever. Avoid unproven remedies like hydroxy chloroquine, ivermectin, zinc and vitamin D which have no known value and can cause adverse effects. Reference: Medical News Today

13:: What medication can we take? #shorts #shortvideo #trending #vithalpanday

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 26.07.2022 · 17:36:42 ··· ···
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14:: What medication can we take? #shorts #shortvideo #trending #vithalpanday

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 26.07.2022 · 17:36:37 ··· ···
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15:: What medication can we take? #shorts #shortvideo #trending #vithalpanday

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 26.07.2022 · 17:36:29 ··· ···
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16:: What medication can we take? #shorts #shortvideo #trending #vithalpanday

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 26.07.2022 · 17:36:23 ··· ···
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17:: BA.2.75 | Centaurus | Omicron | Reinfection + Will COVID End?

01.01.1970 · 01:00:00 ··· 23.07.2022 · 00:00:00 ··· ···
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